Welcome to the forum, Jonathan! I'm not among the experts out here, but I've restored one of these little beasts, so I'll toss in my 2 cents. Excellent pictures, by the way - that always helps.
First, if you want a set of the CA95 manuals, you can download them from my basement web server here:
http://www.forths.com/honda/CA95Manuals.zip
You certainly have an early-edition CA95 Benly Touring 150, with the shorter rear fender braces and larger rubber fuel tank pad.
1) The petcock looks rough, but these can be rebuilt. I tried but failed, since my petcock body was a bit warped, so I ended up using an adapter plate with a standard chrome Harley-style petcock. If you're looking for historic accuracy, you can rebuild or replace the petcock with a correct unit, but that will likely cost a bit more than going with an adapter plate and a generic petcock. If you opt to rebuild, you'll need to replace a few internal parts, which are available on-line.
2) You're missing a few parts that are readily available. In the illustration below from the manual, parts 2, 3, 4 and 9 are among the missing, but are not hard to find. Chain is a standard size and readily available.
3) Let's see - I see that the carb mounting nuts are missing. Fuel line is missing, too. Left spark plug wire? Maybe it's just off and set aside in the picture? Kick starter lever is missing, along with the side covers. Looks like the fuel tank isn't mounted, but is just sitting loosely on the frame.
4) That frame number is a bear to find - it doesn't take much paint or corrosion to obscure it. I think you're looking in the right place. I didn't see mine until I disassembled the motorcycle.
5) Hand grips appear to be missing, but it's hard to tell in the picture if the handlebars are original or not. I'm assuming they are. Overall, the bike looks pretty good. If you poke around this forum, you'll see bikes in much worse shape that have been restored. Spokes started with nothing for one of his projects, making a CA95 a part at a time.
Lower chain guard is missing - that's a challenge to find. I found a chain guard set after several months of searching, but they can be tough to find.
6) There have been tips on this forum for freeing a seized engine, you can try them. Personally, I'm a fan of simply tearing everything down for inspection, cleaning and if necessary, replacement as needed. These bikes always have hidden surprises.
I used many parts from Thailand for my project. Overall, I purchased 27 parts from Thailand, 38 from the USA, 2 from Canada and 1 from England. The Thai parts gave me no issue, but shipping costs can easily double the cost of a part. I got my cables, pistons, rings, and gaskets from Thailand and my engine runs well. Be sure to scrutinize the seller's ratings and reviews.
Honda dealers will have some parts. If you use the parts numbers listed in the manuals that I listed above, you can sometimes find generic items at Honda stores, such as the cable adjusters.
Good luck with your project, and thanks for sharing your pictures.
Kevin